| Abstract |
ᠵᠠᠩ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠡᠮ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠵᠦ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠲᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠵᠤ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠨ ᠴᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠰᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠲᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠪᠢᠳᠡ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ᠌ ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠳᠠᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠡᠦᠬ ᠡᠵᠢ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭ᠋ ᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠣᠳᠣᠬᠢ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠳᠣᠯᠣᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ 1846 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠣᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭ᠋ ᠠ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠰᠢ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠩᠭ᠋ᠤ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭ᠋ ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠢᠡᠨᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠦᠷᠨᠢᠯ ᠢᠢᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠵᠢ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠦᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭ᠋ ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠦᠭᠦᠮ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠲᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠠᠯᠤᠰᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠠᠯᠤᠰᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠋ ᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠨᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭ᠋ ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠦᠭᠦᠯᠡᠪᠡ᠃ |